冷知识-港式早茶点心你知道多少？

前些天看到个段子“ 一老外扬言一个月吃遍中国美食，结果三年后还未走出广东 ”。

这位可爱的歪果仁真是“too young, too simple, sometimes naive.”

说到广东的美食文化，早茶是必不能少的重要组成之一。我最早对早茶的认识还是来自于香港的影视剧作品，每次出现喝早茶的情节，我就在脑补各种小点心的飘香四溢了。

如果有机会向歪果仁展示神秘的东方力量，如何用英文一一介绍这些让人眼花缭乱的可口点心呢？下面就一起来涨姿势吧！

早茶：Contonese Morning Tea

咸点心：Salted DimSum

虾饺皇：shrimp dumpling

叉烧包：Steamed B.B.Q. Pork Bun

蟹王干蒸烧卖：Pork Sui Mai

香茜牛肉球：Beef Dumpling

鼓汁蒸凤爪：Chicken Feet with Black Been Sauce

姜葱牛百叶：Ox Tripe

鼓汁蒸肉排：Steamed Spareribs

滑鸡丝粉卷：Chicken Rice Roll

潮州蒸粉果：ChuiChow Fan Gor

炸韭黄春卷：Spring Egg Roll

腊味萝卜糕：Pan-Fried Turnip Cake

鸡粒鱼翅饺：Chicken Shark Fin Dumpling

珍宝糯米鸡：LotusLeaf Glutinous Rice

鲜虾肠粉：Shrimp Rice Roll

甜点心：Sweet DimSum

雪酥鸡蛋挞：Egg Custard Tart

菠萝奶王包：Creamy Egg Volk Bun

奶黄马拉卷：Steamed Egg Cream Roll

黄金糕：Golden cake

流沙包：Quicksand bag

马蹄糕：Water Chestnut Cake

奶黄包：Steamed Creamy Custard Bun

可能有人觉得这些英文知识太冷门了，不过多了解一下也没有坏处，等我勾搭个会粤语的**姐，再来教你们正宗地道的粤语！

希望大家都可以在闲暇的时候找间茶楼坐下来，悠闲地泡上一壶茶，点几样精致的小点心，与家人和朋友慢慢边吃边聊。

语焉是一个致力于传播各国语言特色文化的国际化外语教学平台，将传统的课程安排与课时规划完全交由师生自主式定制，随时预约享受一对一授课，让更多的人利用碎片时间高效学习各国语言，体验不一样的上课模式！

港式早茶的四大天王

Yum cha is a term in Cantonese which literally means "drink tea". It refers to the custom of eating small servings of different foods while sipping Chinese tea in Cantonese speaking areas of southern China. It is an integral part of the culinary culture of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macau. In any city with a sizeable population of Cantonese people, to yum cha is a tradition on weekend mornings, and whole families gather to chat and eat dim sum and drink Chinese tea. Yum cha is also a morning ritual for the elderly to spend a good part of the morning after early morning exercise of tai chi or a walk. The tea is important, for it is said to help digest the rich foods. In the past, people went to a teahouse to yum cha, but Dim sum restaurants have been gaining overwhelming popularity of late.

Teahouse

The ritualised drinking of tea is often practised in China. The most important work on tea making is the Cha Jing (茶经). It is the only extant work of the Tang Dynasty scholar and poet Lu Yu and was written during the 700s. He describes many aspects of tea making from the location of the teahouse to the mode of drinking. His treatise is considered definitive by many.

In Northern Imperial China teahouses were regarded as retreats for gentlemen and later for businessmen. Deals would be discussed and sealed in the neutral, relaxed surroundings of a teahouse rather than in offices.

Teahouses were and are places where disputes could be settled harmoniously over tea. Courts of law are not spots where most people feel at ease. The Chinese at times replaced this setting with a teahouse and the presence of a mutually respected arbiter. The disputing parties would agree on terms and apologies, pay for the tea, shake hands and part in peace. In the same way that insurance agencies and stock brokerages in England developed out of simple coffee shops, teahouses in China were are used as places to conduct business.

Some teahouses in Hong Kong still uphold such a tradition and are frequented by Hong Kong Chinese industrialists and entrepreneurs. Traditional teahouses can still be found in the older communities. The most well-known example in Central is the Luk Yu Teahouse, a half-century-old living monument to the sedate stylishness of old Hong Kong. Stained-glass murals and massive framed scrolls decorate white walls. The teahouse's original black ceiling fans spin idly in the air-conditioned rooms. Mirrored and marbled private wooden booths are conspiratorial businessmen's havens. To go for yum cha at the Luk Yu is to enter a new era. It is best experienced mid-morning or mid-afternoon, outside the breakfast and lunch rush hours when every seat and table is usually reserved for regular customers. This very special teahouse is Hong Kong's tribute to the 8th-Century tea master - Luk Yu being the Cantonese version of Lu Yu.

[edit] Eating utensils

Teabowl

Methods of tea-tasting have undergone considerable changes since the Tang Dynasty and the use of covered teabowls is one development of note. The simple yet practical design of covered teabowls makes them an excellent utensil for tea-tasting. The fine painting on these bowls also enhances their aesthetic value. Nowadays a small teacup is used instead in most dim sum restaurants more often than not.

[edit] Chopsticks

Chopsticks, a pair of small even-length tapered sticks, are the traditional eating utensils used to yum cha. Chopsticks are commonly made of plastic in the Chinese restaurants. Held between the thumb and fingers of the working hand they are used as tongs to pick up portions of food or to sweep rice and small particles of food into the mouth from the bowl. Dim sum dishes are served in small portions and therefore convenient for eating with chopsticks. Many rules of etiquette govern the proper conduct of the chopsticks.

[edit] Toothpicks

The use of toothpicks at a table is another typical practice. Toothpicks are frequently used between courses, as it is believed that the aftertaste of one course should not be allowed to ruin one's enjoyment of the next course.

Toothpicks have another major value in that they are ideal and socially acceptable to use picking up those meal items which often defy the best chopstick approach, such as slippery button mushrooms and jellyfish slices served with sesame oil.

[edit] Dim sum

Dim sum is usually a light meal or brunch eaten sometime from morning-to-early afternoon with family or friends. Traditional dim sum includes various types of steamed buns such as char siu baau, dumplings and rice noodle rolls, which contain a range of ingredients, including beef, chicken, pork, prawns and vegetarian options. Many dim sum restaurants also offer plates of steamed green vegetables, roasted meats, congee porridge, and soups.

Dim sum can be cooked by steaming and frying, among other methods. The dim sum are usually small and normally served as three or four pieces in one dish. It is customary to order family style, sharing dishes among all members of the dining party. Because of the small portions people can try a wide variety of food.

Dim sum dishes can be ordered from a menu or sometimes the food is wheeled around on a trolley by servers for diners to choose from. Traditionally, the cost of the meal is calculated based on the number and size of dishes left on the patron's table. Some modern dim sum restaurants record the dishes on a bill at the table. Not only is this tidier, it also prevents patrons from cheating by concealing or stealing the plates which has been known to happen. Servers in some restaurants even use different stamps so that sales statistics for each server can be recorded.

In the US and many other English Speaking countries, the word “Dim sum ” is often mistakenly used as the name for Yum cha. In fact, in Cantonese, Dim sum (点心) is a phrase for wide range of light dishes served alongside Chinese tea where Yum cha (饮茶) “tea drinking”, is the process.

Rituals

A tea-drinker tapping the table with her fingers to show gratitude to the member of the party who has re-filled her cup.

[edit] Finger tapping

Also known as finger kowtow, the action of finger-tapping – thanking someone in the traditional Chinese-style – has historical significance. When tea-sippers tap the table with three (occasionally two) fingers of the same hand, it is a silent expression of gratitude to a member of the party who refilled their cups.

The gesture recreates a tale of Imperial obedience and can be traced to the Qianlong Emperor, a Qing Dynasty emperor who used to travel incognito. While visiting South China, he once went into a teahouse with his companions. In order to maintain his anonymity, he took his turn at pouring tea. His stunned companions wanted to kowtow for the great honour. Instead of allowing them to disclose his identity, the emperor told them to tap three fingers on the table. One finger represented their bowed head and the other two represented their prostrate arms.

Lids need only to be left open for refills.

[edit] Refills

When a teapot needs refilling, the customer should leave the lid open. This is the polite and customary way to ask for a refill. Other options include placing the lid at a diagonal and letting it hang loose by the wire or leaving the cover balanced on the handle.

One story that explains this custom involves a poor student who supposedly hid a bird in his teapot. When the waiter came to refill the pot and lifted the lid, the bird flew away. The student made a loud fuss because it was a very precious bird, and the restaurant therefore owed him compensation. After this, all restaurants would wait for customers to lift the lid of an empty teapot for refilling. This custom is not common in northern China, where patrons may have to ask waiters to refill the pots.

In Hong Kong, this is also indicates quality of service. A sign of good service is when refills occur soon after the lid is lifted open, while below-par service is when no one refills the teapot for a long period of time.

[edit] Public chopsticks

Except eating with close family or eating alone, Hong Kong people use "public chopsticks" (公筷) to pick food from the serving dish.

[edit] Washing dishes, cups and chopsticks

Before eating, usually even before making any order, Hong Kong people wash all utensils with hot water or hot tea. They then dispose of the water in a bowl on the table. Some restaurants do not provide such a bowl and a waiter has to come to help.

菜名虾饺

别名水晶虾饺、广东虾饺、广式虾饺

英文名 Shrimp Dumpling

所属菜系粤菜

特点透明玲珑，滑爽鲜美。

虾饺，是广东茶楼、酒家的传统美点。广东人以及香港人饮茶，少不了来一笼虾饺。上乘的虾饺，皮白如雪，薄如纸，半透明，肉馅隐约可见，吃起来爽滑清鲜，美味诱人。

虾饺最早出现在广州郊外靠近河涌集市的茶居。那些地方盛产鱼虾，茶居师傅再配上猪肉、竹笋，制成肉馅。当时虾饺的外皮选用粘(大)米粉，皮质较厚，但由于鲜虾味美，很快流传开来。城内的茶居将虾饺引进，经过改良，成为广州以及香港的名点，历久不衰。

虾饺在制作上较为讲究，将澄面、生粉制成虾饺皮；鲜虾洗净去壳吸干水分压烂搅拌成肉胶，肥肉切

成细粒，用开水烫至刚熟，再用清水浸过，使肥肉既爽而又不致出油；加入鸡蛋白、细笋丝、味粉、麻油、胡椒粉等配料，经冷冻后制成虾饺蒸熟。虾饺片薄而半透明，皮内鲜饺馅料隐约可见，形似一梳香蕉。由于外形美观，味道鲜美爽滑，美味可口，深受海内外食客赞誉。近十年推出的鸡粒虾饺、蟹黄虾饺等新品种更受食客的青睐。广东以及香港地方小吃。在20世纪30年代，干蒸烧卖已风靡广东各地，近20年来，又传遍广西的大中城市，成为岭南茶楼、酒家茶市必备之品。如今，干蒸烧卖已随港式早茶一起风靡内地。做法

原料配方：

面粉500克、鸡蛋150克、碱水5克、清水125毫升、玉米粉约250克(打皮用) 瘦猪肉150克、鲜虾肉250克、水发冬菇50克、味精12克、精盐10克、白糖15克、大油50克、生抽(白酱油)15克、香油10克、胡椒粉少许。

制作方法：

1.把面粉放在案板上开窝，放入鸡蛋清水、碱水和匀搓揉滑，用湿布包起来饧15分钟。将面团搓成细长条，再用刀切成约6毫米厚的小圆片，用小走槌把小圆片放在干玉米粉里擀成带花边样的小饼皮待用。

2.把瘦肉切成幼粒放入盆内，然后加适量盐、生油、味精搅一下。将大虾去皮整理干净，剁烂放入另一个盆里加入盐、味精摔打、搅和起胶，再把剩余的肥肉、冬菇切成小粒，和肉、虾三味合成一体，把所有的调料放入搅匀即成馅。

3.左手拿皮，右手用尺板拨15克馅放入皮内，用拇指和食指收口，再加上尺板按平，边压边收，成圆形，从顶部可见一点馅心。包好后，放在刷过油的小笼屉上，每笼放4个，烧卖张嘴处可加点香肠末或蛋黄葺加以点缀。蒸时要用大气，约7分钟即可(时间过长易脱皮)。

特点：色鲜、味美、质地爽润。叉烧包是粤港地区具有代表性的点心之一，是港式早茶的“四大天王（虾饺、干蒸烧卖、叉烧包、蛋挞）”之一。以切成小块的叉烧，加入蚝油等调味成为馅料，外面以面粉包裹，放在蒸笼内蒸熟而成。叉烧包一般大小约为直径五公分左右，一笼通常为三或四个。好的叉烧包采用肥瘦适中的叉烧作馅，包皮蒸熟後软滑刚好，稍微裂开露出叉烧馅料，渗发出阵阵叉烧的香味。

又有一说传统叉烧包的标准要求是：「高身雀笼型，大肚收笃，爆口而仅微微露馅」。

叉烧包是饮茶时必备的点心。叉烧包亦有急冻后放在超市出售。不过其风味与茶楼内新鲜供应的相去颇远。

做法　

将面粉放台板上，放下发粉和少量清水，将面粉揉搓，搓至面粉柔软适中时，随用一条半湿的毛巾盖着，让它自行发酵约四、五小时。待面粉发酵至一定程度时，即将沙糖、碱水、猪油一同倒入，并再搓匀候用。肥、瘦叉烧切成小片，用干葱头起锅爆炒，然后加调味料会煮成叉烧包馅料。接着，将搓好的发面粉分成每个约两半重之粉团，放在掌心搓圆，并在中间捏成凹形，放入适量馅料，然后将开口处折叠捏合，务使馅料不致散出，包底用白纸垫着，放入蒸笼内，隔沸水用猛火蒸约30分钟左右即可。

味道美味可口。百吃不厌。蛋挞（Egg Tart），台湾称为蛋塔，挞为英文“tart ”之音译，意指馅料外露的馅饼（相对表面被饼皮覆盖馅料密封之批派馅饼pie）；蛋挞即以蛋浆为馅料的“tart”。做法是把饼皮放进小圆盆状的饼模中，倒入由砂糖及鸡蛋混合而成之蛋浆，然后放入烤炉；烤出的蛋挞外层为松脆之挞皮，内层则为香甜的**凝固蛋浆。香港地道的蛋挞以挞皮分类，主要分为牛油蛋挞和酥皮蛋挞两种：

牛油蛋挞的挞皮比较光滑和完整，好像一块盆状的饼干，有一阵牛油香味，类似西点常用之馅批底皮（Pie Crust），口感像曲奇一样，所以又有曲奇皮之称。

酥皮蛋挞挞皮的为一层层薄酥皮，近似西点的牛油酥皮（Puff Pastry）；但因使用猪油（Lard），口感较牛油酥皮粗糙。另因挞皮较厚，故酥皮蛋挞的馅料量较牛油蛋挞为少。

除以砂糖及鸡蛋为蛋浆的主流蛋挞外，亦有在蛋浆内混入其他材料的变种蛋挞，如鲜奶挞、姜汁蛋挞、蛋白蛋挞、巧克力蛋挞及燕窝蛋挞等等。